Case studies are in-depth analyses of a particular individual, group, organization, or event. They involve detailed examination of a specific case to understand its complexity and nuances. Case studies are often used in research to investigate unique or complex phenomena, to explore causal relationships, and to generate hypotheses for further research. They can provide rich and detailed information that may be difficult to obtain through other research methods. Case studies are commonly used in fields such as psychology, sociology, business, education, and healthcare to gain insights into real-world situations and to inform practice and policy decisions.